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75Maintaining Internal Environment
The extremes of environmental conditions upset the internal environment of cells and organisms, which can severely damage their system and performance or even life. There is only a very narrow range of environmental conditions under which organisms...
11 comments77Understanding the Defense Mechanisms in Plants
Like animals, plants are also exposed to a wide variety of enemy organisms, which can damage the plants. These organisms include insect pests, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, bacterium, viruses and many other organisms. Plants are also exposed to many...
6 comments78Types of Chromosomal Banding Patterns
Most of chromosomes, at the prophase and the metaphase, are characterized by a banding pattern. But this banding pattern is more evident and clear in the case of larger chromosomes such as the polytene...
4 comments72Regulation of Water Balance in cells and organisms
Water is a very important element of life. There is a constant and steady loss of water from the body in different ways. For example, transpiration and excretion can reduce the water content of the body substantially and therefore should be...
1 comment78Gasesous Exchange in Cell Division
All living organisms exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen with their environment for carrying out different functions. Organisms must exchange gases with their environment in order to carry out photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and other essential...
1 comment64What is Density Gradient Centrifugation
Density gradient centrifugation are of two types: 1) Rate zonal centrifugation 2) Isopycnic centrifugation Rate zonal centrifugation: In rate zonal centrifugation, the sample is applied in a thin zone at the top of the centrifuge tube on a...
4 comments74How do the Living Organisms interact with the Environment
Living organisms and the physical environment have a close relationship. They interact with each other. The biosphere is the parts of Earth inhabited by living organisms. The biosphere consists of specific geographical areas known as biomes. A biome...
34 comments70Importance of Structure on Function of Proteins
Proteins are the workhorses of cells and in every activity there is the involvement of one or more proteins in different ways. Now, it is very clear that each protein has a specific three-dimensional shape...
0 comments69Understanding of Mutagenic Techniques
Mutations are heritable changes that occur in the genome or DNA. Normally, these changes are harmful to the organism, a small percentage of mutations are useful in the process of evolution. Mutations can...
0 comments67CELL CYCLE
A eukaryotic cell undergoes alternate phases of division and non-division. The sequences of events occurring from the completion of one division to the next division form one cell cycle. The stage, or the...
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